South America Facts

Our South America Facts for Kids bring you lots of interesting and fun facts on the South American continent.

South America is the fourth largest continent in size and the fifth largest when we consider population.

The South American continent is located in the western hemisphere and mainly in the southern hemisphere.

Top 20 South America Facts

1. There are 12 countries in South America (see list on the right) and 3 dependencies with a total of more than 433 million people living on the continent.

Click on the flags to learn more about the 12 South American countries:

2. Largest Country: Brazil. The country is covering more than half the continent's landmass. Did you know that Brazil is huge and only slightly smaller than the USA?

Sao Paulo/ Brazil

3. Largest City: São Paolo in Brazil has about 23 million inhabitants and is one of the ten biggest cities in the world. In 2024, Sao Paolo is the fourth most populous city the world.

4. Smallest Country: Suriname. The country, formerly referred to as Dutch Guiana, is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. Suriname only gained independence from the Netherlands in 1975.

Amazon River

5. Longest River: The Amazon River (6,437 km/ 4,000 miles). The Amazon is not only the second longest river in the world after the Nile, but also the Amazon carries more water than the world's other 10 biggest rivers combined! Read our Amazon Rainforest Facts here.

6. Biggest Island: Tierra del Fuego (Spanish meaning: Land of Fire), at the southern tip of Argentina and Chile

Aconcagua

7. Highest Mountain: Aconcagua in Argentina. This high mountain (6,961 m/ 22,837 ft) is located in the Andes mountain range. The Aconcagua is considered the second highest of the world's 'Seven Summits' - after Mount Everest which is in Asia.

8. Biggest Lake: Lake Titicaca (shared by Bolivia and Peru). This freshwater lake is often referred to as the "Birthplace of the Incas". Lake Titicaca is the highest navigable lake in the world at about 3,800 m/ 12,467 ft above sea level.

Atacama Desert

9. Driest Place: While South America's rain forests also are some of the wettest places on the earth, the Atacama desert in Chile is considered the driest place on earth. Read more about the world's deserts here.

10. There are two landlocked countries in South America: Paraguay and Bolivia are located in the interior of the continent and have neither access to the Atlantic Ocean nor to the Pacific Ocean.

More South America Facts

11. History: Evidence of human life in South America dates back to 10,000 BC. One of the earliest South American civilisations are recorded in Peru. South America was colonised from the late 15th century by foreign conquistadores (explorers) who came mainly from Spain and Portugal, but also from the Netherlands, Britain and France.

Indigenous People in Chile

12. People of South America: The Incas were the largest group of indigenous people in South America when the Europeans arrived in the 15th century. The Incan Empire lasted from 1438 until 1533. Indigenous cultures still are present in South America but the numbers of indigenous people are diminishing. There are still Arawak and Carib people living in Venezuela as well as Guarani people in Brazil.

Did you know that almost half of the population of the South American continent lives in Brazil?

13. Languages in South America: Spanish is the main language in the South American countries. Only in Brazil people speak Portuguese and in Surinam, formerly a Dutch colony, the official language is still Dutch. Many people speak English as a second language. Quechua, the language once spoken by the Inca people, is the most common indigenous language.

14. Religion: Most of the South American people are Catholics (90%), there are some Protestants, Jews and some indigenous people still have their indigenous beliefs.

15. Tourist attractions in South America: The most popular attractions and landmarks in South America are:

Macchu Picchu in Peru

Iguazu Falls in Argentina/ Brazil

Angel Falls in Venezuela

Mount Corcovado with Statue and Sugar Loaf Mountain in Brazil

Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador

Pantanal Tropical Wetlands in Bolivia and Brazil

Torres del Paine National Park in Chile

Galapagos islands of Ecuador

Lake Titicaca in Bolivia

16. Biggest Cities: The five most populous cities in South America in 2024 are São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Bogotá and Lima.

São Paolo

São Paulo in Brazil with 23 million inhabitants is the most populous city in South America and a cultural melting pot

Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires in Argentina with 15 million inhabitants is known for its architecture and of course tango

Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro in Brazil with 13 million inhabitants is also famous for the Copacabana and Ipanema beach

Bogotá

Bogotá in Colombia with 12 million inhabitants is the country's capital city and home to ancient gold treasures

Lima	Lima in Peru with 11 million inhabitants is often referred to as gateway to the ancient Inca site of Machu Picchu

Did you know? The southernmost city in the world is located on the South American continent! The city is called Ushuaia and is located on the Argentinian part of the Tierra del Fuego. More than 55,000 people live in Ushuaia. Read more about Argentina here.

Ushuaia in Argentina

17. Animals: In South America there are tapirs, piranhas and anacondas and many other animals.

Jaguar in the Pantanal region of the Amazon Basin

South America is also home to many endangered animals such as the jaguar, the giant otter or the Amazonian manatee. Read about the Amazon Rainforest and the animals living there, on our page here or find out more about animals in Brazil or Chile.

18. Main natural resources in South America are minerals such as iron ore (which is used to make steel) or copper and agricultural produce such as corn, coffee, wheat, soybean and cocoa.

19. Nature superlatives:

Atacama desert is the driest place in South America
Angel Falls are the world's highest waterfalls
Amazon River Basin is the world's largest river basin
The Andes are the world's longest mountain range
The Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetlands

Angel Falls in Venezuela

Amazon River

20. South America's landscape is dominated from mountains and highlands such as the Andes, river basins such as the Amazon and the Orinoco and coastal plains which the Atacama Desert also belongs to.

Countries in South America that are located in the Northern Hemisphere:

Venezuela
Guyana
Suriname
French Guiana
and (the northern regions of) Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil

Test your Knowledge

South America quiz for kids by kids world travel guide

Popular Pages

Useful Resources for South America Facts

Central Intelligence Agency. "South America." WorldFactBook. Last accessed 23 February 2024
National Geographic. "South America Guide - Latest Stories" NatGeo. Last accessed 23 February 2024
National Geographic. "World Atlas for Young Explorers". Washington: 2010. pages 86-92
Millennium. "Earth Condensed - The World Atlas." Millennium House. 2009

Image Credits on South America Facts page: Shutterstock.com and wikipedia commons

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